Relationship between China-Japan, China-Australia and...

In this section I will be detailing and comparing the relationships between China-Japan, China-Australia, and China-Venezuela. I am first going to start with the relationship between China and Japan. I will begin with the time frame between the years of 1949-1969. During this time, China sees Japan as a threat, which is not surprising because of Japan’s assault against China in the 1890s to 1920s, Japans brutal occupation of China in the 1930s and 1940s and Japan’s role in America’s containment strategy against China. China counters Japan by forming a military alliance with the Soviet Union in 1950. This alliance was indirectly directed at the United States but primarily directed against Japan. China tried to encourage Japan to have better relations by playing upon Japanese war guilt and issues of Japanese behavior in the 1930s and ‘40s. This didn’t work in the political dimension of the relationship. China felt that better relations with Japan would be useful, both politically and economically. But Japan would not normalize relations because of its close relationship with the United States and the nationalists. On the economic front, things were different, as trade started to grow. The countries are so close to one another that it made sense. Meanwhile, Japan is still recovering from the war, but is recovering rapidly and becomes an important potential partner for China. In the 1960s the forming of a trade relationship began. The two countries assign some memorandums ofShow MoreRelatedCase Study Questions On Business Communication1722 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst time; Express your disagreements in appropriate ways; Have dinner with your clients. From theory to practice, Hofstede’ s model and Hall’s model applied in this report to help our employees make a deeper understanding of cultural differences between Australian and Chinese workplace. If there is anything further I can do to help, please do not hesitate to contact me. Best Regard, Lin Ke Lin Ke International group ABCD Corporation Tel: +61 (0)4 22252680 Email: LinKe@ahcd.com.au Read MoreThe Great Powers Of The United States1682 Words   |  7 Pagesand militarily dominant, were the victors of WWII: U.S, Great Britain, Russia, France and China. The rest of the world fell into the category of small power, with little influence in shaping the international system. As Germany and Japan recovered from their devastating defeats in the Second World War, they fought their way back into the classification of great powers. Although this North-South relationship was well known - rhetoric on the subject dates back to the turn of the century- the rise ofRead MoreInternational Human Resource Management Practices1645 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences between countries in terms of their cultures and institutions on international Human Resource Management within multinational companies (MNCs). The study of culture will focuses on two perspectives by Geert Hofstede and Fons Trompenaars. The next discussion is about the requirement to develop international managers in MNCs. 2 Differences between countries in terms of their cultures and institutions The first issue that we are going to discuss is about the differences between countriesRead MoreGreet Hofstede`S Dimensions Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesauthority. They treat each other equal; no matter you are a worker or a boss. Another example I can give example again from USA. Here, President Obama can freely walk on streets talk with ordinary people, give them autographs etc. France, Russia, China, Turkey are high power distance countries and most Eastern countries and Muslim countries are high power distance countries. Individualism and collectivism. In individualistic cultures people focus on their individual goals. Everyone looks afterRead MoreCultural Management Issues in the Tourism Industry3782 Words   |  15 Pagestours can attract American ecological tourists to travel to countries such as our current target, China. We are a culturally eclectic group of advisors specialising in all aspects of tourism. Cultural sensitivity is not only our watchword, but our bottom line. Please do not feel overwhelmed by all of this information. Some of you may feel as though you are back in college. Rest assured, the difference between profit and bankruptcy in our business is the ability to sell in that persons culture. PeopleRead MoreValue Chain Analysis : Toyota Motor Corporation Essay2618 Words   |  11 PagesValue Chain Analysis Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) is a Japan based motor vehicle and sales company. The company was founded in 1937 and from there has blossomed into a global empire. As of March 31, 2014 the company boasted over 330,000 employees. TMC vehicles are sold in Canada, U.S.A, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, Europe, South Africa, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, and Australia. TMC mission states â€Å"Toyota will lead the way to the futureRead MoreLion Nathan Swot Analysis1881 Words   |  8 PagesMGMT 245 Cultural Dimensions of International Business SWOT Analysis 4/30/07 Introduction- This SWOT analysis is regarding Lion Nathan China Brewing Company and their competitive advantage in their business. The major issue in this case is analyzing the company s background and reasons for expanding into China while trying to forecast an appropriate managerial decision regarding the company s future. There are many sources of information we can use to inform us of the past decisions madeRead More Hugo Chavez: Love Him or Loathe Him? Essay4572 Words   |  19 Pagesreally believe he is so dangerous in the eyes of the United States that he would be viewed as a candidate for extermination? Hugo Chavez is the duly elected leader of a relatively small country on the northern coast of South America called Venezuela. It is a nation whose regional stature has, in the last twenty years, grown in influence in total disproportion to its size. The reason for Venezuelas increasing political clout is simple. It is the owner of vast reservoirs of liquid gold. ItRead MoreU.S. Import Export Analysis2253 Words   |  10 PagesIt also presents the leading U.S. imports and exports in terms of value along with the important partners. Design/methodology/approach- The author explains the balance of trade including the rise and fall of U.S. trade deficit using the analysis between different countries imports and exports. Research limitations/implications- The study is limited to analysis of imports, exports, trade surplus and deficit of U.S. trading. Originality/value- This paper will help to build up the understanding aboutRead MoreCharismatic Leadership : A Charismatic Leader1603 Words   |  7 Pagescharismatic leaders sacrifice themselves as they are willing to put up with hardship to defend their beliefs and achieve their vision (Nahavandi, 2015). Characteristics of the followers Given that a charismatic leadership results from a relationship between a leader and followers, these followers have certain characteristics (Nahavandi, 2015). Below are some of these follower characteristics. 1. Intense emotional bond 2. High degree of respect affection, and esteem for the leader 3.

Relationship between China-Japan, China-Australia and...

In this section I will be detailing and comparing the relationships between China-Japan, China-Australia, and China-Venezuela. I am first going to start with the relationship between China and Japan. I will begin with the time frame between the years of 1949-1969. During this time, China sees Japan as a threat, which is not surprising because of Japan’s assault against China in the 1890s to 1920s, Japans brutal occupation of China in the 1930s and 1940s and Japan’s role in America’s containment strategy against China. China counters Japan by forming a military alliance with the Soviet Union in 1950. This alliance was indirectly directed at the United States but primarily directed against Japan. China tried to encourage Japan to have better relations by playing upon Japanese war guilt and issues of Japanese behavior in the 1930s and ‘40s. This didn’t work in the political dimension of the relationship. China felt that better relations with Japan would be useful, both politically and economically. But Japan would not normalize relations because of its close relationship with the United States and the nationalists. On the economic front, things were different, as trade started to grow. The countries are so close to one another that it made sense. Meanwhile, Japan is still recovering from the war, but is recovering rapidly and becomes an important potential partner for China. In the 1960s the forming of a trade relationship began. The two countries assign some memorandums ofShow MoreRelatedCase Study Questions On Business Communication1722 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst time; Express your disagreements in appropriate ways; Have dinner with your clients. From theory to practice, Hofstede’ s model and Hall’s model applied in this report to help our employees make a deeper understanding of cultural differences between Australian and Chinese workplace. If there is anything further I can do to help, please do not hesitate to contact me. Best Regard, Lin Ke Lin Ke International group ABCD Corporation Tel: +61 (0)4 22252680 Email: LinKe@ahcd.com.au Read MoreThe Great Powers Of The United States1682 Words   |  7 Pagesand militarily dominant, were the victors of WWII: U.S, Great Britain, Russia, France and China. The rest of the world fell into the category of small power, with little influence in shaping the international system. As Germany and Japan recovered from their devastating defeats in the Second World War, they fought their way back into the classification of great powers. Although this North-South relationship was well known - rhetoric on the subject dates back to the turn of the century- the rise ofRead MoreInternational Human Resource Management Practices1645 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences between countries in terms of their cultures and institutions on international Human Resource Management within multinational companies (MNCs). The study of culture will focuses on two perspectives by Geert Hofstede and Fons Trompenaars. The next discussion is about the requirement to develop international managers in MNCs. 2 Differences between countries in terms of their cultures and institutions The first issue that we are going to discuss is about the differences between countriesRead MoreGreet Hofstede`S Dimensions Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesauthority. They treat each other equal; no matter you are a worker or a boss. Another example I can give example again from USA. Here, President Obama can freely walk on streets talk with ordinary people, give them autographs etc. France, Russia, China, Turkey are high power distance countries and most Eastern countries and Muslim countries are high power distance countries. Individualism and collectivism. In individualistic cultures people focus on their individual goals. Everyone looks afterRead MoreCultural Management Issues in the Tourism Industry3782 Words   |  15 Pagestours can attract American ecological tourists to travel to countries such as our current target, China. We are a culturally eclectic group of advisors specialising in all aspects of tourism. Cultural sensitivity is not only our watchword, but our bottom line. Please do not feel overwhelmed by all of this information. Some of you may feel as though you are back in college. Rest assured, the difference between profit and bankruptcy in our business is the ability to sell in that persons culture. PeopleRead MoreValue Chain Analysis : Toyota Motor Corporation Essay2618 Words   |  11 PagesValue Chain Analysis Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) is a Japan based motor vehicle and sales company. The company was founded in 1937 and from there has blossomed into a global empire. As of March 31, 2014 the company boasted over 330,000 employees. TMC vehicles are sold in Canada, U.S.A, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, Europe, South Africa, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, and Australia. TMC mission states â€Å"Toyota will lead the way to the futureRead MoreLion Nathan Swot Analysis1881 Words   |  8 PagesMGMT 245 Cultural Dimensions of International Business SWOT Analysis 4/30/07 Introduction- This SWOT analysis is regarding Lion Nathan China Brewing Company and their competitive advantage in their business. The major issue in this case is analyzing the company s background and reasons for expanding into China while trying to forecast an appropriate managerial decision regarding the company s future. There are many sources of information we can use to inform us of the past decisions madeRead More Hugo Chavez: Love Him or Loathe Him? Essay4572 Words   |  19 Pagesreally believe he is so dangerous in the eyes of the United States that he would be viewed as a candidate for extermination? Hugo Chavez is the duly elected leader of a relatively small country on the northern coast of South America called Venezuela. It is a nation whose regional stature has, in the last twenty years, grown in influence in total disproportion to its size. The reason for Venezuelas increasing political clout is simple. It is the owner of vast reservoirs of liquid gold. ItRead MoreU.S. Import Export Analysis2253 Words   |  10 PagesIt also presents the leading U.S. imports and exports in terms of value along with the important partners. Design/methodology/approach- The author explains the balance of trade including the rise and fall of U.S. trade deficit using the analysis between different countries imports and exports. Research limitations/implications- The study is limited to analysis of imports, exports, trade surplus and deficit of U.S. trading. Originality/value- This paper will help to build up the understanding aboutRead MoreCharismatic Leadership : A Charismatic Leader1603 Words   |  7 Pagescharismatic leaders sacrifice themselves as they are willing to put up with hardship to defend their beliefs and achieve their vision (Nahavandi, 2015). Characteristics of the followers Given that a charismatic leadership results from a relationship between a leader and followers, these followers have certain characteristics (Nahavandi, 2015). Below are some of these follower characteristics. 1. Intense emotional bond 2. High degree of respect affection, and esteem for the leader 3.

Relationship between China-Japan, China-Australia and...

In this section I will be detailing and comparing the relationships between China-Japan, China-Australia, and China-Venezuela. I am first going to start with the relationship between China and Japan. I will begin with the time frame between the years of 1949-1969. During this time, China sees Japan as a threat, which is not surprising because of Japan’s assault against China in the 1890s to 1920s, Japans brutal occupation of China in the 1930s and 1940s and Japan’s role in America’s containment strategy against China. China counters Japan by forming a military alliance with the Soviet Union in 1950. This alliance was indirectly directed at the United States but primarily directed against Japan. China tried to encourage Japan to have better relations by playing upon Japanese war guilt and issues of Japanese behavior in the 1930s and ‘40s. This didn’t work in the political dimension of the relationship. China felt that better relations with Japan would be useful, both politically and economically. But Japan would not normalize relations because of its close relationship with the United States and the nationalists. On the economic front, things were different, as trade started to grow. The countries are so close to one another that it made sense. Meanwhile, Japan is still recovering from the war, but is recovering rapidly and becomes an important potential partner for China. In the 1960s the forming of a trade relationship began. The two countries assign some memorandums ofShow MoreRelatedCase Study Questions On Business Communication1722 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst time; Express your disagreements in appropriate ways; Have dinner with your clients. From theory to practice, Hofstede’ s model and Hall’s model applied in this report to help our employees make a deeper understanding of cultural differences between Australian and Chinese workplace. If there is anything further I can do to help, please do not hesitate to contact me. Best Regard, Lin Ke Lin Ke International group ABCD Corporation Tel: +61 (0)4 22252680 Email: LinKe@ahcd.com.au Read MoreThe Great Powers Of The United States1682 Words   |  7 Pagesand militarily dominant, were the victors of WWII: U.S, Great Britain, Russia, France and China. The rest of the world fell into the category of small power, with little influence in shaping the international system. As Germany and Japan recovered from their devastating defeats in the Second World War, they fought their way back into the classification of great powers. Although this North-South relationship was well known - rhetoric on the subject dates back to the turn of the century- the rise ofRead MoreInternational Human Resource Management Practices1645 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences between countries in terms of their cultures and institutions on international Human Resource Management within multinational companies (MNCs). The study of culture will focuses on two perspectives by Geert Hofstede and Fons Trompenaars. The next discussion is about the requirement to develop international managers in MNCs. 2 Differences between countries in terms of their cultures and institutions The first issue that we are going to discuss is about the differences between countriesRead MoreGreet Hofstede`S Dimensions Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesauthority. They treat each other equal; no matter you are a worker or a boss. Another example I can give example again from USA. Here, President Obama can freely walk on streets talk with ordinary people, give them autographs etc. France, Russia, China, Turkey are high power distance countries and most Eastern countries and Muslim countries are high power distance countries. Individualism and collectivism. In individualistic cultures people focus on their individual goals. Everyone looks afterRead MoreCultural Management Issues in the Tourism Industry3782 Words   |  15 Pagestours can attract American ecological tourists to travel to countries such as our current target, China. We are a culturally eclectic group of advisors specialising in all aspects of tourism. Cultural sensitivity is not only our watchword, but our bottom line. Please do not feel overwhelmed by all of this information. Some of you may feel as though you are back in college. Rest assured, the difference between profit and bankruptcy in our business is the ability to sell in that persons culture. PeopleRead MoreValue Chain Analysis : Toyota Motor Corporation Essay2618 Words   |  11 PagesValue Chain Analysis Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) is a Japan based motor vehicle and sales company. The company was founded in 1937 and from there has blossomed into a global empire. As of March 31, 2014 the company boasted over 330,000 employees. TMC vehicles are sold in Canada, U.S.A, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, Europe, South Africa, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, and Australia. TMC mission states â€Å"Toyota will lead the way to the futureRead MoreLion Nathan Swot Analysis1881 Words   |  8 PagesMGMT 245 Cultural Dimensions of International Business SWOT Analysis 4/30/07 Introduction- This SWOT analysis is regarding Lion Nathan China Brewing Company and their competitive advantage in their business. The major issue in this case is analyzing the company s background and reasons for expanding into China while trying to forecast an appropriate managerial decision regarding the company s future. There are many sources of information we can use to inform us of the past decisions madeRead More Hugo Chavez: Love Him or Loathe Him? Essay4572 Words   |  19 Pagesreally believe he is so dangerous in the eyes of the United States that he would be viewed as a candidate for extermination? Hugo Chavez is the duly elected leader of a relatively small country on the northern coast of South America called Venezuela. It is a nation whose regional stature has, in the last twenty years, grown in influence in total disproportion to its size. The reason for Venezuelas increasing political clout is simple. It is the owner of vast reservoirs of liquid gold. ItRead MoreU.S. Import Export Analysis2253 Words   |  10 PagesIt also presents the leading U.S. imports and exports in terms of value along with the important partners. Design/methodology/approach- The author explains the balance of trade including the rise and fall of U.S. trade deficit using the analysis between different countries imports and exports. Research limitations/implications- The study is limited to analysis of imports, exports, trade surplus and deficit of U.S. trading. Originality/value- This paper will help to build up the understanding aboutRead MoreCharismatic Leadership : A Charismatic Leader1603 Words   |  7 Pagescharismatic leaders sacrifice themselves as they are willing to put up with hardship to defend their beliefs and achieve their vision (Nahavandi, 2015). Characteristics of the followers Given that a charismatic leadership results from a relationship between a leader and followers, these followers have certain characteristics (Nahavandi, 2015). Below are some of these follower characteristics. 1. Intense emotional bond 2. High degree of respect affection, and esteem for the leader 3.

The Symposium And The Bhagavad Gita Essay - 1725 Words

Paper Assignment 2 Prompt 1 When it comes to the subject of love and desire, it would seem that The Symposium and The Bhagavad Gita disagree as to whether those qualities are beneficial to achieving spirituality or detrimental. In the Symposium, Plato states that desire is part of the pathway to achieving spirituality. By contrast, the unnamed author of the Bhagavad Gita seems to state that desire is an obstacle in the pathway to achieving divinity. Their perspectives can seen through their texts that connect of love to the divine, Plato’s way of reaching divinity and the way of reaching divinity that is mentioned in the Hindu scripture of The Bhagavad Gita. Through the readings of The Bhagavad Gita and The Symposium, it is clear that love and desire seems to be a asset to fulfilling one’s divinity rather than an obstacle. An important part of the subject is that in both The Symposium and The Bhagavad Gita, love is seen as sort of a divine force. At the setting of the Symposium, Plato, through the speeches of the other great minds at the Symposium, introduces the possible concepts that Love might be a God that is one of the beautiful gods of all. However, according to Plato, love is neither a god nor human, but â€Å"He is a great spirit, Socrates. Everything classed as a spirit falls between god and human† (Plato 38). This quote is crucial to the rest of the content of The Symposium because by saying that Love falls in between the status of gods and humans, Plato is able toShow MoreRelatedThe Bhagavad Gita And The Symposium2073 Words   |  9 PagesDesire in the Bhagavad-Gita and the Symposium Concepts of love and desire cross cultures and time periods, defining human interaction and goals with its powerful force on the human mind. The line between love and desire is not always clear and people from philosophers to scientists have attempted to understand these complex emotions and how they may be right or wrong. Desire has been characterized mainly as a distraction that will hinder humans on their solitary paths to self- enlightenment, butRead MoreDesire In The Symposium1508 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato’s The Symposium, a group of well-versed men consider philosophical arguments, specifically regarding the role desire plays in a virtuous life. As academics and philosophers who hold high rank in the social system of ancient Greece, these men are praised for their wisdom and eloquence. One such philosopher, Pausanias, gives a speech early in the text that addresses desire as a multifaceted concept, setting the tone for the novel. The Bhagavad-Gita, an ancient India n text that is much reveredRead MoreLove And Devotion : Everlasting Concepts With Innumerable Meanings1655 Words   |  7 Pageschanged; and the studying of great texts such as the Plato’s Symposium, the Book of Ruth in the Hebrew Bible, and the Bhagavad Gita have contributed to the expansion of my knowledge on such abstract topics. Love holds various meanings that vary from person to person, which is largely what is so remarkable about it. Love is an emotion, a drive, an expression; love is many things combined into one strong pull to some force. In The Symposium, love holds many interpretations by the various speakers, butRead More Siddhartha Essay: Hindu and Buddhist Thought1501 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween Siddhartha and the Bhagavad Gita, an important poetical document of the Hindu religion. Timpe maintains that Hesse was influenced largely by the Bhagavad Gita when he wrote his book and that the protagonist was groping his way along the path prescribed by the Bhagavad Gita. Hesse was indeed familiar with this important work, and a comparison between it and Siddhartha is rewarding.    As Timpe points out, the basic central problems of Siddhartha and the Gita are similar: how can theRead MoreConcepts Of Love And Desire2059 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause they are literally regarded as a disposable vessel for the real spirit which is placed in much higher standing within the world order. In the same way, â€Å"beauty of minds as more valuable than that of the body† (Plato 48) is an emphasized in the symposium. This connection to the concept of the other text where the bodies of humans and other material things are of much less value than that which is less tangible. The mind is valued for its infinite possibilities and its connection to knowledge. The

The History and Colonization of Libya and it’sIndependence Free Essays

Approximately ninety percent of Libya is roofed with desert. That desert is mostly the vast Sahara Desert; the worlds largest hot desert. Although most of the region is very barren, Libya’s northern border is a stunning coastline. We will write a custom essay sample on The History and Colonization of Libya and it’sIndependence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its healthy, luscious fields and beautiful beaches extend along the Mediterranean Sea for approximately a thousand miles. Phoenician sailors, who are now located in the area now named Lebanon, built ports on Libya’s Mediterranean coast in Tripolitania beginning in 1300 B. C. Their vessels were constructed from cedar trees, which they used to sail across the Mediterranean transforming them into some of the greatest traders of their time. Phoenicians sailors had a different reason for establishing ports than then the usual economic gains. The reason for them establishing ports was because they wanted places along their trade route from Phoenicia to Spain where their cedar vessels could dock. Even though the Phoenicians continued doing this, they did little to take over the area. What the Phoenicians did do was establish the city of Carthage, which was in today’s Tunisia. By themselves, Carthage grew into a prosperous seaport and became an autonomous power with no help. Carthage built up a burly military force and soon Carthaginians started ruling areas like Tripolitania. Unlike the Phoenicians, the Carthaginians established numerous colonies, which they ruled with force. The Libyans disliked the Carthaginians due to the fact that the rulers stipulated that the Libyans have to give up to half of their crops each season and how the Carthaginians â€Å"sacrificed their own first-born children to their implacable gods† (Isichei 161). The Libyans found that despicable and appalling. Carthage was getting attacked by Rome and battling went on and off for more than a hundred years. Finally, Rome defeated Carthage in 146 B. C. In 146 B. C. Romans gained control over the Carthaginian Empire. The Roman Empire used Tripolitania’s coastal area as one of their main sources of grain and other provisions. The Greeks ruled Cyrenaica but it soon fell under Roman rule. The Greek stronghold was in Cyrenaica. Greek explorers and warriors constantly explored the region for centuries. First, they tried to use the area as a route to overrun Egypt. Later, Cyrenacia became an abundant Greek fishing area. Seeing that no one had colonized the only port in North Africa the Greeks took better management of the land. Now that the Romans were in power the region continued to flourish for several hundred years, and the inhabitants escalated. When the empire was growing weaker, the Romans lost control of North Africa. The next groups in Libya were the Vandals, who came from an area that is now occupied by Germany. Their minds were fascinated by North Africa’s wealth, so they arrived in the area in about 435. Among the invaders, the Vandals made the first serious effort to settle in some of Libya’s mountains and desert areas. But the nomadic people who resided in the regions often fought them off. The Vandals lost authority after about a century of decree. When the Arabs arrived in 643, they brought the new religion of Islam with them. The people in the region quickly adopted Islam but they resisted Arab political rule. Within four hundred years most people in Libya were Muslims. The Aghlabids were amongst the most thoughtful Islamic leaders of Libya; the area was back in order, and reinstated the irrigation systems that the Romans left back, which brought opulence to the region from the surplus being produced. A minor colonization was by Spain in 1510 when they captured Tripoli but soon the Ottoman Empire took over all of Libya. Like all the other groups that had invaded Libya, the Ottomans faced the resistance of the Libyan people. The Libyans â€Å"were proud and did not easily accept foreign rule† (Willis 50). Throughout history, groups of Libyan rebels often tried to resist the invaders. Many of the opposition leaders had ties to a religious organization called the Sansui Brotherhood. As the Ottomans lost grip of their colony, the Italians moved in. Italy had major reasons for colonizing Libya. First of all, Italy thought that if they had control over Tripoli, they would have greater trading power in the Mediterranean Sea. Also Italy just wanted to have the feel for having a colony in North Africa. Another major reason was the fact that the British already had control over Egypt and so Italy feared that France would seek after Libya. After months of engaging in warfare against the invading Italian forces, the Ottomans finally gave up their colonized land of Libya in 1911. When Italy decided to enter WWI on the side of the allies, this move weakened Italy’s grip on Libya in 1915 because they couldn’t focus against the rebellions in Libya while trying to help the Allis win WWI. Some of the things they did to ease the rebellions was in 1917, when â€Å"Italy signed a peace agreement with the leader of the Sanusi, Idris al-Sanusi, recognizing him as the emir of Cyrenaica† (Miller 32-33). But when fascist dictator, Benito Mussolini’s rose to power in Italy in 1922 he gave Italy its willpower to gain control over their colony once again. Libya was not finally freed from Italian rule until 1943, when Italy was crushed in WWII. After the war, the UN decided that Libya should become a constitutional monarchy and in 1951 the Kingdom of Libya was officially formed. The national assembly elected Libya’s first king, Muhammad Idris al-Sanusi, who had been a leader of the Libyan resistance movement against Italy. After decades of monarchy, Libyans are again fighting for their independence and freedom even though they became independent in 1951. They are now in an internal struggle against a tyrannical government. The country’s dictator Muammar Gaddafi, once revered as a great colonel has promised not to leave his reign of terror until he dies. With the help of other countries the Libyan people are achieving the true freedom that every person in this world is entitled to. How to cite The History and Colonization of Libya and it’sIndependence, Papers

Financial Market Volatility Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.co

Question: Discuss about the Financial Market Volatility. Answer: During the 1980s and 1990s a number of countries have taken steps to facilitate domesticand cross-border trading in marketable financial instruments. During the same period there have beenmajor advances in technology which, together with the development in financial techniques andhedging instruments, have significantly increased the integration of financial markets. (Tan, 2015) These changes have, undoubtedly, improved the global allocation of financial capital.However, there is also a perception that the volatility of financial asset prices has risen, or perhaps hasfailed to decline, as might have been expected in the more stable inflation environment compared withthe early 1980s. If true, this would be surprising and raises important questions with regard to both themeasurement of volatility and its causes, in particular the effects of such factors as deregulation,internationalization of portfolio management, the use of new hedging instruments and macroeconomicpolicies. In turn, a possible rise in financial asset price volatility might have macro- andmicroeconomic consequences if there were to be effects on the allocation of financial resources andthe stability of financial markets. Such implications might call for policy responses. (Bebczuk, 2013) Since last summer volatility in many financial markets has picked up and there have been a number of short lived episodes of extreme volatility and impaired market liquidity. Implied volatilities have risen and in a number of the cases that can be shown have returned to around pre crisis levels. Moreover, longer term measures of volatility have generally increased alongside shorter term measures, as plotted charts can depict 2 year implied volatilities alongside 3 month volatilities. (Valdez, 2015) The public has also witnessed some very large moves in financial markets over the past six months. Here, it is important to draw on two examples which include the 15 October increase in US Treasury yields following the publication of unexpectedly weak US retail sales data, and the 15 January appreciation of the Swiss franc following the SNBs decision to remove its peg to the euro. The events had different drivers, but there are some common themes that would be drawn out. (Honeygold, 2012) What unites the 15 October and 15 January episodes is that the immediate intraday reaction to the news was unprecedented. The intraday change in 10 Year US bond yields was 37 bps, with most of this move happening within just an hour of the data release. The intraday range represented nearly eight standard deviations, exceeding the price moves that happened immediately following the collapse of Lehman Brothers. On 15 January, the Swiss franc appreciated by 14%. The intraday range was several times that number, and market participants continue to debate the highest traded value of the franc on the day. (Cohen, 2013) Such events could imply that a number of major asset markets may have become more sensitive to news, so that a given shock causes greater volatility. A number of recent statistical studies also imply this conclusion, suggesting that these recent episodes are a part of a broader pattern, even if they were exceptional in their scale. Some drawn charts, using the output of a model estimated by Bank staff, is representative of the statistical analysis just referred to. The charts compare the estimated impact on UK equity and corporate debt asset price volatility of a given price shock in the post crisis period relative to the pre crisis period. Post crisis, both corporate debt volatility and equity market volatility appear to have become more responsive to a given price shock. This pattern is also apparent when the model is applied to a number of other important asset markets, including for example US listed equities. (Duffy, 2013) Liquidity was clearly affected on each of 15 October and 15 January. Measures of trading volumes, which provide one metric of liquidity, were reportedly high on both days for most affected markets. But the ability of market participants to trade without affecting prices, or in some cases, to trade at all, was clearly very limited at various points on these days. The intraday loss of liquidity was probably even starker on 15 January, from what we can tell, with widespread feedback that foreign exchange trading platforms stopped quoting Swiss francs for periods of time, while liquidity in the Swiss fixed income market was all but lost on the day and remained impaired for a few days. The performance of the US Treasury market was also materially affected on each of these days, such that much smaller trades than normal moved prices. (Hussain. 2016) But in each of these cases there were stabilizing forces that meant volatility subsided and liquidity returned relatively quickly. In the case of the 15 October event, what had been a crowded trade was pushed so far from prices viewed as justified by fundamentals that market participants were willing to provide support to the market. Similarly there was a reappraisal of the fundamentally justified level of the Swiss franc in the days that followed the removal of the peg, following public comments by the SNB. (Duffy, 2013) Volatility declined, if not all the way back to the pre news level, relatively quickly following these initial spikes. This is most true of the15 October episode: the implied volatility of 10 year interest rate swaps retraced about half of its upward move after two days, and was back to pre October 15th levels within just two weeks. This quick stabilization helped to limit contagion to other markets. (Fabozzi, 2015) Neither the increase in baseline volatility, nor the recent episodes that have been described, in of themselves materially affected stability in the United Kingdom. Basically, the question becomes what lessons can be learnt? Why have volatility and liquidity evolved in this way? And is there an important fact about it? (Avellaneda, 2011) Starting with the Why? market intelligence suggests that uncertainty surrounding the global outlook has been one factor; itself in no small part a consequence of the unexpected rough halving in the price of oil since last summer. This uncertainty can be seen in the recent increase in the dispersion of economists forecasts for inflation in the US, UK and euro area during 2015. (Banks, 2013) Central banks themselves have reacted to the changed global outlook and monetary policy makers have been active in recent months. Indeed, so far this year 24 central banks have cut their policy rates. Moreover, the decisions by the ECB and three other central banks since last summer to set negative policy rates have raised questions about where the lower bound for monetary policy exists. Clearly the answer is no longer as simple as just above zero for all central banks. And those decisions are raising questions about how markets work when negative rates persist several years down the yield curve. The combination of this macroeconomic news and central bank action means the assumed known of low for long (but positive) policy rates which market participants could cite as little as a year ago has been replaced by a less than certain landscape, helping to explain why baseline volatility has picked up since last summer. (Riles, 2014) But while this increase in macroeconomic uncertainty and central bank activity can explain some of the general increase in the level of volatility, it cannot explain the severity of events such as 15 October or 15 January. To explain these events we probably need to look elsewhere. The obvious place to turn to is market structure, given that FICC markets, which rely on intermediaries to make markets and warehouse risk, are going through considerable change. (Voit, 2015) Here, two important points can be highlighted which are contributing themes noted by market participants in the Fair and Effective Markets Review, both related to the provision of liquidity. First, market makers have become more reluctant to commit capital to warehousing risk. During the market intelligence conversations some have suggested that this reflects a combination of reduced risk tolerance since the financial crisis, and the impact of regulation designed to improve the resilience of the financial system. (Shiller, 2016) This reduction in market making capacity has been associated with increased concentration in many FICC markets, as firms have been more discriminating about the markets which they make, or the clients they serve. This trend has gone hand in hand with a growth in assets under management by the buy side community. The combination has served to amplify the implications of reduced risk warehousing capacity of the intermediary sector relative to the provision of liquidity from market makers during times of market stress relative to the past. That said, a comparison between the market liquidity of today and that of pre-crisis can be made. One does not need a long memory to recall the impact of under pricing liquidity risk on the highly leveraged market makers. Returning to such a situation would be a misplaced aspiration. (Schwartz, 2012) Electronic platforms are now increasingly used across the various FICC markets. In some cases regulation has been the cause but in others, such as foreign exchange markets, firms have over a number of years increasingly embraced electronic forms of trading. This includes using request for quote platforms to automate processes previously carried out by phone. Electronic platforms are effective in pooling liquidity in normal times but may have the potential, at least as currently calibrated and given todays level of competition, to contribute to discontinuous pricing in periods of stress if circuit breakers result in platforms shutting down. There has been much commentary about the temporary unavailability of a number of electronic trading platforms in the immediate aftermath of the removal of the Swiss franc peg. (Poon, 2015) Financial markets have told the world what they think of the election of Donald Trump as US president and it is not good. Global stocks, both the futures and in the physical market, started to weaken when the votes started hinting that Trump might get close. They tanked when it was clear Trump would probably win. (Do?pke, 2014) There was extreme market volatility as the updated tally of votes were posted minute by minute but with an average fall of around 4% (at the time of writing), the value of global stocks has already dropped around US$3tn in value. US stock futures fell around 4.5%, throughout Europe and the UK stocks are down around 4% to 5%, while Japan is down over 5%. These numbers are fluid, but the verdict and direction are clear. (James, 2011) This market reaction reflects the fear and uncertainty surrounding how president Trump will run the economy, frame the budget and operate on the international stage. As has been well analyzed, there are irreconcilable differences in the economic policy aims of Trump lower taxes and a smaller deficit do not go together, as an example. (Kettell, 2012) Make America Great Again, the slogan from the Trump campaign, involves the US raising barriers to international trade in an effort to protect US industry. If Trump follows through and works to restrict trade, especially with China where the US runs a huge trade deficit, there is a genuine threat that the global economy will stall, perhaps falling back into recession. The decades of productivity and income benefits from strong global trade risk coming to an end. Periods of weak global trade are inevitably associated with sluggish growth, stalled productivity and falling living standards. (Valdez, 2015) To think that other countries will not retaliate against the US with their own trade restrictions is to ignore history. There seems little doubt that US multinationals and exporters have as much, if not more, to lose more than the protected industries in the US will gain. The world economy will be weaker as a result of Trumps policy agenda. (Tan, 2015) If the Chinese economy, which is the trading powerhouse of the world, suffers from a slump in global trade, the fallout will be far and wide. Commodity markets will falter, the services sector will weaken and countries that have significant economic links to China will obviously be under pressure. There will be a shock that will be felt around the world. (Duffy, 2013) Financial markets know this, which accounts for the price action in stock markets in the wake of the election result. The other part of the market reaction has been in the bond market where yields have plummeted as they usually do when risk of recession increases. Investors have aggressively sold stocks and moved it into the relative security of the bond market. The US Federal Reserve, which was on the brink of hiking interest rates on the back of an improving economy, is now likely to sit until it sees the fallout from the election result at least according to market pricing. Indeed, some smart money is pricing in a risk that the Fed will have to ease monetary policy into 2017 in reaction to a weaker economy. (Bebczuk, 2013) Global interest rates and bond yields have followed this lead as the inevitable global economic slowdown is set to unfold. Expect central banks around the bulk of the world to implement easier monetary policy in the months ahead. If the financial markets are correct, a Trump presidency will be bad for economic growth and bad for global trade. The markets might be wrong. Sometimes they overreact to news events. As a result, there could be a market rebound when the dust of the election result settles and the policy reality confronts Trump, including dealing with the tensions within Congress, even though the Republicans will control both houses. Perhaps some of the policy proposals will not be delivered. Clearly it is too early to call. (Honeygold, 2012) References Avellaneda, M. (2011). Quantitative analysis in financial markets: Collected papers of the New York University MathematicalFinance Seminar, v.2. Singapore: World Scientific Publ. Banks, F. E. (2013).Global finance and financial markets: A modern introduction. Singapore: World Scientific. Bebczuk, R. N. (2013). Asymmetric information in financial markets: Introduction and applications. Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press. Cohen, J. (2013). Financial Markets. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Do?pke, J., Pierdzioch, C. (2014). Financial market volatility and inflation uncertainty: An empirical investigation. Kiel: Kiel Institute of World Economics. Duffy, D. J., Germani, A. (2013). C? for financial markets. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Fabozzi, F. J. (2015). Handbook of Finance: Financial Markets and Instruments. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Honeygold, D. (2012). International financial markets. New York: Nichols Pub. Co. Hussain, A. (2016). Managing operational risk in financial markets. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. James, W. T. (2011). Financial market volatility: A symposium. Kansas City, Mo.: Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. Kettell, B. (2012). Economics for financial markets. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Poon, S.-H. (2015). A practical guide for forecasting financial market volatility. Chichester: Wiley. Riles, A. (2014). Collateral knowledge: Legal reasoning in the global financial markets. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Schwartz, R. A. (2012). Volatility. New York: Springer. Shiller, R. J. (2016). Market volatility. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Tan, C. H. (2015). Financial markets and institutions in Singapore. Singapore: Singapore University Press. Valdez, S. (2015). Introduction to Global Financial Markets. Palgrave Macmillan. Voit, J. (2015). The statistical mechanics of financial markets. Berlin: Springer.

Demian And Desires Essays - First-person Shooters, Windows Games

Demian And Desires Desires & Dreams In the story, Demian, desires play an important role. When Sinclaire follows his desires something good almost always comes out of it. When Sinclaire does not follow his desires and dreams something bad occurs. For example, when Sinclaire first became friends with Franz Kromer. Sinclaire had a bad feeling about Franz, but ignored it. Since he ignored his desire and his feeling not to be friends with Franz, Sinclaire pretty much got tricked with the orchard incident. Sinclaire knew there was something bad about Franz, he could sense it, but he ignored the gut feeling and just got himself in a mess. Sinclaire quoted, ?Side by side with this I lived in a world of dreams and drives and desires of a chthonic nature Sinclaire's feelings prove to be valuable throughout the story. Max Demian was a book full of rumors. People stayed away from him. Sinclaire saw something different, something interesting in Demian, therefore causing the two to converse and make friends. This relationship is one of the most important in both of their lives. In conclusion, when Sinclaire follows his desires and feelings almost everything will turn out for the good. To listen to the heart can be the best guidance in ones life. This is what I learned from this book.

The eNotes Blog How to Write a Book Review in 7Steps

How to Write a Book Review in 7Steps Book reviews are a great way to connect with fellow bibliophiles. A well-written review can help you discover new books, find bookish communities, and spark cultural conversations. When writing a book review, you want to share what you felt about a particular work- why you liked or disliked it- without spoiling it for future readers. Ultimately, the goal of writing a book review is to help readers decide whether to read the book themselves. Let’s take a look at seven steps to help you write a reliable book review. 1. Read the Book How can you write a review of a book you’ve never read? Alternatively, why would someone want to read a review by someone who has never read the book? The first and arguably most important first step to writing a book review is to read the entire book. Be attentive to your reading experience and note what captured or lost your attention. 2. Take Notes Once you’ve finished reading the book, go back and take brief, purposeful notes. What are the major events of the book and what were their effects on you as a reader? Here are some guidelines that can help lay the foundation for your review: Explain how the book as a whole affected you. Explain how the author evokes an emotional response. Explain the relationship between form and content. Explain the function of each character in the novel. Explain the characters relationships to one another. 3. Summarize the Book All book reviews should include some kind of summary. You’ll want to inform readers of what the book is about without giving too much away. To accomplish this, here are some things to include in your summary: How is it categorized by the publisher? How is the book structured? Who is the target audience? 4. Form an Opinion Your opinion is the crux of your book review. Be specific! Don’t just say if the book was good or bad, but explain why. Support your opinion with specific examples from the text and move from passing judgement to a thorough explanation. 5. Contextualize the Book You can often obtain this information from looking at the book’s cover and introduction. Otherwise, you may need to do a little research. Spend some time relating this book to similar works by the author or from the same genre to further your explanation and judgement of it. Some important questions to consider include: What genre does the book fall into? Is it the first of its kind or an imitation? Is this the authors first book or fifteenth? 6. Avoid Spoilers Please, for the love of literature, don’t ruin the book for others. A good book review does not give away the book’s plot twists or endings but piques the interest of future readers. If you absolutely have to give something away about the book, at least mark your review with a fair warning. 7. Review Your Review! Hooray! You’ve finished writing your review. Now’s the time to step back and revisit your work. You may have to edit your review to add or remove details. Here are some questions to ask during your revisions: Did you explain every major aspect of the book? What was your target audience? Did you write this for a class with specific criteria- or for a fan magazine whose audience already knows this type of book well? Did you make a clear claim about your opinion of the book? Do you support your claim with evidence? For a more in-depth review on how to write a book review, visit ’ How To Series.

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 20

Sociology - Essay Example When broken by age, data collected and compared shows increase for the 18-24 population, decrease for 45-64 group, with 25-44 and 65 or older groups showing no significant change. Regionally, people in the Midwest are more likely to participate in elections than people from other regions. At the same time, Midwest region also saw a decrease in voter numbers, together with the Northeast. The only increase in voters was recorded in the South, with West recording unchanged rates. The Bureau, also collected responses from voters that did not participate and voted and four main reasons for that were- schedule or people being too busy to go to polling places, ill, disabled or having family emergency, 13% believed that their vote would not make a difference and, finally, a similar percentage just did not like the candidates or campaign issues. For the purpose of this paper I have selected to interview my high school Social Studies teacher. She is a middle age, educated, white person with liberal views. I have known this person for years and always appreciated her opinion and input. We have met in her school office and spoke for hour and a half on December 5th. The interview took place in after-school hours, as she was kind to dedicate some of her free time for this conversation. The interview was very informal but at the same time very informative as she, often times, is an opinioned and critical about our system of democracy. The first question I posed to her was whether she was a registered voter and whether she votes on regular basis. The answer to this was a simple yes and yes. Next, I asked why does she vote and what voting means to her ? After this question, I got more detailed response. She said that she votes because voting is one of the privileges of our democracy. At the same time, she emphasized that voting is not just a right we, as citizens of the US, have, but it

Discussion Chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Chapter - Essay Example The communication style of a manager is more aggressive as compared to leaders and the communication style used by leaders is more manipulative (Cherry, 2013). Leaders communicate in an aggressive manner because their objective is to simply get the work done. Managers do not listen to what their subordinates have to say regarding how work can be done and instead they inform the subordinates regarding the way the work should be done and expect the subordinates to follow the instructions (Yukl, 2010). In case of leadership, the leader tries to manipulate the feelings and the emotions of their followers in order to motivate them to work on their own and come up with innovative ideas regarding how tasks should be completed. The motivation strategies that a leader and a manager may use might be quite different. Managers are more likely to use extrinsic motivation strategies. When managers employ these strategies they tend to offer rewards to subordinates in order to externally motivate the subordinates (Yukl, 2010). These rewards can include increased pay rates as a result of attainment of targets in order to reinforce similar behavior in future. On the other hand, leaders are more likely to use motivation strategies that help motivating an individual internally (Sansone, 2000). For example leaders may have quite an aspiring personality and followers may want to be associated with them and in order to gain recognition in the eyes of the leader they may work hard. In order to enhance the individual and the organizational productivity managers may use the carrot and stick approach to motivate employees. The carrot and stick approach suggests that employees should be punished for their failures and should be rewarded for their successes (Daft et al., 2008). A manager may use rewards and punishments to motivate individuals to increase their

Socrates and his trial Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Socrates and his trial - Research Paper Example In addition, more knowledge about the teachings and life of Socrates are available through the memoirs of Xenophon (Aristophanes, Irvine and Plato 14). Historical records describe Socrates as an individual who neglected his personal affairs in order to spend much of his time discussing a number of concepts, which include piety, justice as well as virtue. He taught his fellow citizens at all places whenever they congregated around him to hear his teachings. These citizens usually gathered around him in order to seek wisdom about how to conduct them justly and right. They wanted this kind of knowledge in order to shape and guide the moral as well as the intellectual improvement of their community, Athens. Socrates used a powerful method in dialogue known as the Socratic Dialogue or Dialect in order to draw forth knowledge and understanding from his students. He did this through his pursuit of a series of questions posed at the students as well as examining the implications of the answe rs that they gave for the questions (Aristophanes, Reeve and Xenophon 45). Socrates valued morality so much that he equated virtue with the knowledge of the true self of an individual. He argued that nobody in his or her clear and pure mind committed a wrong act knowingly or intentionally. In addition, Socrates looked down upon the soul. He claimed that the soul was the seat of both moral character as well as waking consciousness. He also argued that the universe was purposively mind-ordered. As such, he gravely criticized the religious as well as the political institutions of the Athenians and the Sophists. These criticisms made him so many enemies that Aristophanes burlesqued his position in the society. As such, the authorities feeling offended by the criticisms from Socrates decided to fix him by putting him through trails and charging him for corrupting the people (Danzig 23). These enemies made true their threats and held Socrates accountable for the teachings he gave his foll owers about justice, virtue and morality within the society. In 399 B.C, Socrates faced trial with charges of corrupting the morals o the youth within Athenian, as well as facing accusations for religious heresies. Most people believe in the modern times that the arrest of Socrates stemmed primarily from the influence that he held over Critias as well as Alcibiades, who in an earlier perspective betrayed Athens in one way or another. He faced conviction from his charges without many pleas to argue out his innocence. He resisted all the attempts and efforts made to rescue or save his life from impending death. He got a death sentence, whereby he was to drink a cup of poisoned hemlock, and he did this willingly (Johnson). All these accounts of the life and trial of Socrates are only available through the stories made by Plato in the Phaedo, Crito and Apology. Consequently, the death of Socrates through drinking of poisonous hemlock marks one of the most famous usages of the poison in early history. Socrates, whom most philosophers, as well as, the Greek descendants consider him as the father of Greek philosophy, faced trial for impiety and corruption of the youths of Athens with his teachings and criticisms. He became a controversial figure in the city of Athens and as such created many enemies through the hatred that he aroused in many of the people he criticized their way of life or traditions, such as the religious factions and the political dispensations. He therefore created many

Marketing Of German Brand Bionade

Marketing Of German Brand Bionade The German brand BIONADE which produces and distributes organically lemonade brewed like beer but without alcohol {BIONADE #1}, tries to enter markets all over the world. {Dagmar Mussey 08/10/2007 #2}. With the threat of going bankrupt with its beer brewery {Dagmar Mussey 08/10/2007 #2}, the head of the company Leipold, tried to spread its product range and invented a brewed soft drink for children. With its superficial marketing strategy with just few money BIONADE managed to get known all over Germany in shortest time by sponsoring events and viral marketing. {Ralph Atkins #3} In 2009 the large German group Dr. Oetker bought with 70% the majority of BIONADE. {Weiguny 2009 #18} After distributing in most European countries since 2008 the companys aim is now, that their organic drink will become a Weltdrink.{Ralph Atkins 12.12.2007 #3} How BIONADE can reach the target and what they should considered, it is indicated in this paper on the example entering the US beverage market. Environmental Analysis BIONADE needs to analyse the market of US. The retailing market in the United States is very competitive and dynamic. Consumers can choose out of a large number of retailers. With the information of the internet consumers can easily compare all products and retailers. So retailing has been led to a hard job and you have to observe the consumers needs, because consumers have the power. {Weitz 2010 #4} Market trends BIONADE aims to go on the American beverage market. The carbonated drink sector is the most established in the soft drink industry with about 40% of the volume. {Jonathan Thomas 2010 #6} But the growth almost stagnates with just 1.2% growth rate and the share will fall more, because more consumer prefer healthier beverages like fruit juices, fruit based drinks or bottled water. In this case, there is a chance for BIONADE to put its organically healthy and nearly sugarless beverage on the US market. In addition it should be mentioned, that the market shares for sport and energy drinks within the carbonated soft drink segment has raised about 7% last year, and it is assumed that this trend will last. {Jonathan Thomas 2010 #6} The study, which was ordered by just-drinks, says that the fruit-based drinks are expected to remain strong. Customers BIONADEs target group are healthy, young consumers and aware of the health. Examining the consumers in US nowadays it can be noticed, that there is a change in lifestyle. For decreasing the problems of fat children, which has become a major issue in the US, the government planned to ban sugared drinks like Coca Cola from school. {Atkins 12.12.2007 #3} Consumers strive away from convenience and fast food to fresh cooked meals and healthy, organic products, which are traded fair. {Lifestyle Food and Drinks Future 2008 #10}Business Insides report Lifestyle Food and Drinks (2008) says in addition, that many habitants of the US do have work-related stress, which they try to compensate with healthy drinks and food to get more energy and fun. Additionally America has an ageing generation. These people do all their best to stay young and healthy. Therefore they consume e.g. many anti-ageing products, which aim this target group. Altogether there is a broad diversity of different reasons, why people want to live healthier, which is shown in the illustration 1. Figure : The complexity and diversity of modern lifestyles {Lifestyle Food and Drinks Future 2008 #10} Competitiors The beverage market is a strong market in the United States. Global players like Pepsi and Coca Cola are settled in America as well as the US brand Dr. Pepper. These three brands are in 2010 the best-selling companies, and most customers bought drinks of these companies. {Sector Soft Drinks Non-Alcoholic 2010 #11} They also try to establish healthier drinks, to follow the trend. Coca Cola put The Spirit of Georiga on the market, which is competitive lemonade to BIONADE. They also try to do a partnership with Honest Teas, which also is settled in the health and wellness segment.{Beverage World 2011 #13} Nestlà ©, who is also a big player one the beverage market, also put some health drinks, like ready-to-drink teas on the market. Viewing the global health drink and food segment it can there were more than 4000 new products came on the market in 2009, which are more than double as much as in five years ago.{Heather Landi #12} There is a keen competition in this field. Analysis and Theories With entering a new market there are many topics which should be considered. The SWOT analysis is a management tool which shows clearly arranged which strength and weaknesses a company has, and which opportunities and threats are given from the environment of a company. The points are aimed on the target, a company has. In this case it targets the entry of BIONADE on the American market. {Simon 2002 #9} Strengths Weaknesses Large Network Only breed lemonade Experience on other markets Large target group Good references in Europe Plans for adopting the product for the US market (new flavours) Unique product (the only brewed lemonade) Just one product site Workers with no knowledge Large Supply-Chain High costs New unknown market Opportunities Threats Changing Consumer Behaviour Growing sustainable and health market Growing Beverage Market Banning sugared drinks in schools Market niche Large Beverage Market Many Competitors like Coca Cola (Georgia) Other organic certificates in the US than in Europe Many other healthy drinks Figure : SWOT-analysis for BIONADE on the US-market {Simon 2002 #9} To get an overview of the market, Porter invented the tool Porters 5 Forces. {Porter 1998 #14} Porter has identified five competitive forces at work in every industry and every market. The expression of these forces determines the intensity of competition in an industry and thus its profitability and attractiveness. The objective of corporate strategy should therefore in looking for ways to weaken competitive forces in relation to the company itself. {Porter 1998 #14} Figure : Porters five forces {Porter 1998 #14} Analysing the American health beverage market, which BIONADE wants to enter, there is a variety of forces, which should be considered. Buyers: It can be a threat, because buyers have the force to choose other drinks. Substitutes: There are some substitutes. They are and mainly they will become a threat. There are not only other healthy lemonades but also bottled waters, ready-to-drink teas and fruit juices. Suppliers: Meanwhile there is no big threat by suppliers, because BIONADE exports its own bottles form Germany and uses the concentrate which is produced in its producing site in Germany. Potential Entrants: This would be the biggest threat. Because of the large market and the huge chance because of the trend of changing lifestyle, many competitors will get on the market. There will be keen competition which should be considered by entering the market and solutions must be found for each problem. Some solutions can be in the marketing mix, like pricing politic or with clever product placement. Strategies With its aim generating a larger turn-over, BIONADE entered the US market because there is a niche market. There is no other brewed lemonade in America, but there are customers who would buy healthy drinks. With this unique position, they have a chance to challenge other companies and take market share. {Doole 2004 #20} Because of the large competitors like Coca Cola and Pepsi, BIONADE should distinguish in marketing, product, product placement and aim with a unique marketing-mix at the target group to prevent other companies taking their business idea.{Kotabe 2008 #21} The best strategy for BIONADE was Differentiation. {Doole 2004 #20} Because of the flexibility of a SME, the company can meet customer needs very fast and can distinguish from other beverages. To have not a high level of risk BIONADE made a joint venture with a German noodle company, which piggybacks the product. This indirect exporting method can work, because both products are organic, but they are no competitive products. BIONADE can profit of the reputation of the noodles. As the noodle company does not have the knowledge in the beverage segment it would be a better strategy to get help of an agent, who knows the market. With direct export the companies risk shrinks but the cost raise. {Kotabe 2008 #21} BIONADE established a production site in the US. With this strategy they can save costs for transport, which are mainly the highest costs of the supply chain. {Kotabe 2008 #21} But with this strategy the quality of the beverage can decrease. The employees dont have the knowledge like the staff in Germany. In addition there is also the risk, that BIONADE does not sell as much as calculated and the assembly lines are not working to their full capacity. Recommendation To keep successful BIONADE can go different ways. There is the possibility of entering more markets, or to penetrate new markets or put new BIONADE products on the market. In this chapter is shown, how BIONADE can manage these two different paths of expanding the brands value. Staying competitive with entering new markets or products New Products ExistingAnsoff(1957) invented a method, which makes it for companies possible to generate more profit and growth. His theory is divided in four ways, which are entering new markets or inventing new products. This method can help BIONADE to succeed on the market during the next years. Existing Markets or segments New Figure : Ansoff matrix {H. Ansoff #15} Potential strategies are: Market development: BIONADE can generate growth with entering new markets with existing products, like BIONADE already has done in countries around the domestic market. There are the possibilities which are shown in chapter 4.1. It is recommended that BIONADE searches for a partner in US who supports the company by selling the beverage. A good partner could be McDonalds, because it changed the strategy to healthier food. There already exists a partnership between both in Germany, which can be expanded to North America. {Weiguny 2009 #18} Market penetration: In this field, Ansoff describes in his theory, there are is not much growth expected. {H. Ansoff #15} But BIONADE can use its experience to gain new customers on the existing market or sells more to regular customer. It can be aimed with setting up a marketing campaign like making cocktails with BIONADE. New product development: This strategy has more risks than just market penetration. {Thommen 2009 #16} It is useful to stay successful. BIONADE can remain successful on the existing market with introducing new flavours like Cranberry for the US market, new design of bottles or maybe thermo jugs of BIONADE to keep the beverage cool in summer. Diversification: The strategy of entering new markets with new products has the highest risk rate. {Thommen 2009 #16} BIONADES has a variety of possibilities from putting a sports drink on the US market or inventing sweets or ice cream for kids. But another strategy to stay competitive is to keep an eye on the global market trends and spread the beverage in more foreign markets. Entering new markets BIONADE is on shelves in almost in the whole northern part of the hemisphere, like in almost whole Western Europe, North America, and Russia, as it is shown on the map below. Figure : BIONADES current and potential market entries {Daniel Dalert #17} As the SWOT analysis shows in chapter 2.1 BIONADE has many opportunities and chances, not only in the US market. The trend to a healthier life exists in almost all Western countries. To expand the market, it is recommended to enter step-by-step all Western European countries, like the missing countries Portugal and the East European countries, with new special flavours adopted for the countries. Because of the short trade routes it could be made by exporting the bottles. If North America runs well, there is the opportunity to go to Australia, which is also a Western country with loads of sportive, healthy living people on the beaches. It could be the strategy to sell the beverage first on the coast in cafes and bars. With the same strategy like in Germany and with just low marketing campaign they could sponsor surfing contests. Also Brasilia is a good target market with healthy living, open-minded people. With their favourite trend fruit Acai berry there is even a flavour for this ma rket. Because of its hot climate there is the possibility to sell it as a healthy refreshing drink for day and night, even for cocktails. It is recommended not to concentrate to just a view countries, because the beverage market has keen competition. Entering more markets and to have in all countries a little market share is the key to BIONADEs success. Conclusion For BIONADE, there is still high potential to raise the growth like in the last few years, especially with entering new markets. {Weiguny 2009 #18} But BIONADE gets harsh critics, especially in Germany, because they had a change of their strategy. {Matthias Benirschke 05.02.2011 #19} It is said BIONADE is not that bio like they say and it is not any more a drink for a better world, and they stopped sponsoring some events. In Germany there is at the moment the threat of losing regular customers because of just trying to gain the highest profit. The target group is very sensible and should be taken very into account. {Matthias Benirschke 05.02.2011 #19} Appendices

The Romantic Hero in Goethes Faust Essay -- Papers Essays Goethe Faus

The Romantic Hero in Goethe's Faust Works Cited Not Included Long hailed as the watershed of Romantic literature, Goethe’s Faust uses the misadventures of its hero to parallel the challenges that pervaded European society in the dynamic years of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Faust is the prototypical Romantic hero because the transformation of his attitudes mirrors the larger transformation that was occurring in the society in which Goethe conceived the play. Faust’s odyssey transports him from adherence to the cold rationale of the Enlightenment to a passion for the pleasures that came to define the Romantic spirit. Faust not only expresses the moral contradictions and spiritual yearnings of a man in search of fulfillment, but also portrays the broader mindset of a society that was groping for meaning in a world where reason no longer sufficed as a catalyst for human cultural life. The period of German Romanticism in which Goethe wrote Faust was plagued with the same intrinsic turmoil that Faust himself felt prior to making his deal with Mephisto. The destruction that the French Revolution had exacted on the European consciousness was evident in the attitudes of the people most touched by the tumult of the era – people who came to realize that absolution was no longer a pertinent intellectual goal. The cold rationale of the Enlightenment was no longer adequate to explain the significance of life in a society where everything had so recently been turned upside down. Romanticism was the expression of this society’s craving for answers and fulfillment. Everywhere, people embraced life passionately and lived as... ...emption, despite her sins, because â€Å"all her crime was love† (line 4501). Goethe’s Faust is a work in which a new type of hero emerges to satisfy the needs of a changing society. With Faust, Goethe succeeded in representing a microcosm of the tensions that accompanied the shift from rationalism to Romanticism. Complex and dynamic, Faust, like the great men of his era, is a hero whose most notable achievement is his transformation of the lives of others as well as his own. In this respect, the lesson of the Romantic hero is comprised less of romance than of utility. Following the trends of the Goethe’s contemporary evolving society, the means by which Faust succeeds in accomplishing his goals are largely selfish, brutal, and unethical. This is perhaps Goethe’s single greatest reflection on the modern nature of heroism.

Journal Writing: Declaration of Independence Essay

The Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson plays an important role to the lives of the American people. Gaining liberty from the authority of the British colonizers signaled the right of the Americans to decide their own fate when it comes to the way by which they can lead themselves as one nation. In relation to this, the Declaration of Independence was able to touch to the sentiments of the people and also connect to the very ideals and values of the American nation because of Thomas Jefferson’s use of the art of rhetoric. The use of rhetoric devices allows Thomas Jefferson to create an effect upon its audience during the time of the very affirmation of freedom for the American people and even at the present time with the readers of the Declaration of Independence. The persuasive appeal of the Declaration of Independence is rooted from the use of ethos, pathos, and logos. Ethos or the standing of the writer is clearly seen at the beginning of the Declaration of Independence, which discusses the course of human events that paved the way for Americans to achieved freedom. Pathos or the appeal to the emotion is seen in the first sentence of the second paragraph wherein the rhetoric device of repetition is applied in the use of the word â€Å"that†. By using the word â€Å"that†, Thomas Jefferson was able to enunciate among the audience and readers with great clarity the fundamental beliefs of the American people. In addition, the use of â€Å"that† also emphasizes the rights of the American people which should be bestowed upon them. Logos or the appeal of the writer to reasoning is greatly observable in the second and fourth paragraph, wherein the writer used deductive and inductive reasoning in order to pint out the importance of independence (Jefferson, 1776). Furthermore, anaphora and parallelism is also employed by Thomas Jefferson in listing the grievances of the American people towards the British rule. The concluding paragraph also relies on parallelism and repetition in asserting the decline of the colonies and the need for the establishment of free and independent states. Lastly, ethos is once again observed in emphasizing that the signers of the Declaration of Independence are heroes who will willingly risk everything to fight for the rights of humans that are established by God (Jefferson, 1776).

Crime and Modern Technology essays

Crime and Modern Technology essays Technology offers the potential for friendship, unity, and a lasting support to law enforcement, but is this friendship truly compatible or has technology increased the need for new and tougher laws, with a revision to most of the old laws already on the books. Technology has taken an average mans job and turned into one with much needed education and even then the learning does not come fast enough for our ever changing world. This paper will examine new technologies in the help with fighting crime or in reality are the things that make our lives easier allow criminals easier access to our loved ones, the things we have worked for and even allow them to escape punishment. Crime has been around for as long as humans and will only become disappear when we are gone. Why, because crime is defined as offending and violating laws, and laws were created by man and if we are not here than they would not be needed. I dont believe anyone would deny that technology has lifted crime rates and has even created new varieties of crime, but it has also aided in solving them? Before a decision is made, this paper will assess new and different technological examples. We will look at tools that both hurt and help the law enforcement community as a whole. Lets start with some basic technology enhancements; night vision goggles see invisible infrared light and convert it to visible light (Levine such as night sights on sniper rifles, night vision lenses on still and video cameras of narcotics or organized crime surveillance teams, and night vision goggles worn by police helicopter pilots (Levine & Martin, 1992). These improvements have been very helpful, but sometimes when officers are in a hurry and possibly impatient they tend to try and skirt the letter of the law and force issues without proper paper work. This is where these ...

Mark Twains Top 10 Writing Tips

Mark Twains Top 10 Writing Tips Widely regarded as the greatest American writer of his time, Mark Twain was often asked for advice on the art and craft of writing. Sometimes the famous humorist would respond seriously, and sometimes not. Here, in remarks drawn from his letters, essays, novels, and speeches are 10 of Twains most memorable observations on the writers craft. 10 Tips From Twain Get your facts first, and then you can distort them as much as you please.Use the right word, not its second cousin.As to the Adjective: when in doubt, strike it out.You need not expect to get your book right the first time. Go to work and revamp or rewrite it. God only exhibits his thunder and lightning at intervals, and so they always command attention. These are Gods adjectives. You thunder and lightning too much; the reader ceases to get under the bed, by and by.Substitute damn every time youre inclined to write very; your editor will delete it and the writing will be just as it should be.Use good grammar.Damnation (if you will allow the expression), get up take a turn around the block let the sentiment blow off you. Sentiment is for girls. . . . There is one thing I cant stand and wont stand, from many people. That is, sham sentimentality.Use plain, simple language, short words and brief sentences. That is the way to write Englishit is the modern way and the best way. Stick to it; dont let fluff and flowers and verbosity creep in. The time to begin writing an article is when you have finished it to your satisfaction. By that time you begin to clearly and logically perceive what it is that you really want to say.Write without pay until somebody offers pay. If nobody offers within three years, the candidate may look upon this circumstance with the most implicit confidence as the sign that sawing wood is what he was intended for. Sources:1. Quoted by Rudyard Kipling in From Sea to Sea (1899) 2. Fenimore Coopers Literary Offences (1895) 3. Puddnhead Wilson (1894) 4. Letter to Orion Clemens (March 1878) 5. frequently attributed to Twain, but the source is unknown 6. Fenimore Coopers Literary Offences (1895) 7. Letter to Will Bowen (1876) 8. Letter to D. W. Bowser (March 1880) 9. Mark Twains Notebook: 1902-1903 10. Mark Twains General Reply

Exploring the Intergration of Special Needs Pupils in Main Stream Essay

Exploring the Intergration of Special Needs Pupils in Main Stream Schools - Essay Example Primarily, children with disabilities -- either physical or mental, or both -- were considered as ineducable that they naturally and simply would not be allowed to enroll in educational programs of any form, especially those who are severely disabled; a condition which continues to affect some of these people even until now (Charlton, 2000, p.43). Nevertheless, as civilization sprang and as equality among communities of different backgrounds and characteristics had since then been pushed by many of its advocates, public policies thrust efforts of educating this particular population by creating specific and segregated bodies that can provide and cater for their specific needs (Power-deFur & Orelove, 1997, p.1). The children with SEN are categorized according to their identified needs and disabilities. Parents, and even government authorities, as well as experts, then decide as to what specific institutions and educational models or approaches would fit to offer and accommodate the sp ecial needs of these children based on prior studies and evidences (Lindsay, 2003). Many believe that these steps of segregation are essential; that they not only offer education and a brighter future to the children with learning difficulties but it does so in a safe and secured environment as they (e.g., parents, guardians, etc.) perceive it and as proposed by existing guidelines (Bredekamp & Rosegrant, 1992). However, just as it has been pointed out earlier, human right advocates say that exclusion of children with SEN from the mainstream education is an offense to their rights; resulting to further seclusion of this particular population and their families from the general society which take toll on their social, economical, psychological, and emotional present and future health and... This essay approves that children with disabilities -- either physical or mental, or both -- were considered as ineducable that they naturally and simply would not be allowed to enroll in educational programs of any form, especially those who are severely disabled; a condition which continues to affect some of these people even until now. This report makes a conclusion that the case study will include three main methodologies to gather the data needed for analyses and interpretation. The case participants will be subjected to uninformed observation and one-on-one interview with the child, a family member, a teacher, and a head of the inclusive education institution. The study will mainly follow a descriptive qualitative approach; that is, observations and information collected from the three participants will be summarized, analyzed, and interpreted to identify particular patterns and differences among them as they are subjected to inclusive education considering their learning or educational conditions caused by disabilities. Permission from the parents of the children, their teachers, and the head of the inclusive education institution will also be requested. This will be done to ensure that all the steps undertaken are within the bounds of logical, ethical, and cultural reason, especially that the involved participants have learning disabilities and are minors who are more prone to vulnerabilities than those who have or are not.

Entrepreneurship in Dilemma Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Entrepreneurship in Dilemma - Dissertation Example However, not all countries are willing to adopt the principles of freedom, trade, and business development. Nigeria does not have a rich history of business development and entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the Nigerian President sets a challenging task to make Nigeria one of the world’s leading economies by 2020. Needless to say, entrepreneurship will play one of the key roles in the economic and social development in the country. This is one of the reasons why the factors of accountability and governance in the small business sector in Nigeria require detailed analysis. Aims and objectives The key question for the proposed study is What Implications Do Accountability and Governance Have for the Future Nationwide Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria? The key research objectives include: To define and explore the concepts of accountability and governance; To understand and explain the implications of governance and accountability for entrepreneurship; To discuss and evaluate the current state of entrepreneurship in Nigeria; To find out and estimate the prospects of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria until 2020; To explain how accountability and governance can serve the needs of the future entrepreneurship development in Nigeria; To provide recommendations for the future research. Literature Review The current state of literature provides abundant information about accountability and governance in entrepreneurship but leaves little room to the discussion of entrepreneurship in Nigeria (Switzer, LN & Tang, M 2009). Globalization and the following integration of national markets generate great chances for the fast development of business and entrepreneurship in all parts of the world. Nevertheless, not all states are ready to change their principles of freedom, trade, and business development (Switzer, LN & Tang, M 2009). Many of them, especially developing countries meet a lot of difficulties on this way. However, it is possible to create a general p icture of entrepreneurship in the African continent and estimate its prospects for the future. It should be noted, that governance and accountability are among the most popular, essential and widely discussed topics of scholarly analysis. The reasons for this are numerous and varied. First and foremost, governance provides a multitude of effects on strategic decisions in entrepreneurship (LeBreton-Miller & Miller 2008). According to LeBreton-Miller and Miller (2008), small and medium enterprises that operate in the context of personal ownership are entirely distinct from those that are owned by diffuse stakeholders. Governance also affects manager-owner agency costs and bears heavy consequences on the quality of strategic outcomes (LeBreton-Miller & Miller 2008). Second, governance is essentially about power, and when globalization adds pressures on entrepreneurs, governance becomes an object of business and professional scrutiny (Verhezen & Morse 2009). As of today, governance ofte n serves the source of competitive advantage for firms, and pressures for improved governance challenge the established status quo in entrepreneurship (Verhezen & Morse 2009). Ultimately, governance has much to do with the value of firms: Switzer and Tang (2009) suggest that endogenous governance mechanisms constantly interact. Eventually, governance and accountability have far-reaching implications for policymaking in business and entrepreneurship (Bhasin 2010). Much has been written and said about

UK National Health Service Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UK National Health Service - Assignment Example Since then, the government is engaged in expanding the scope of health and social care policy  as  an attempt to become the best welfare state.   First published in 1942, Social Insurance and Allied  service, which was widely known as Beveridge Report, was the work of Sir William Beveridge. The aim was to take the state towards  the welfare  state. In 1942, this influential report was completed and published.   He described various maladies such as disease, idleness, ignorance, squalor as the giant evils and proposed wide-spread reforms in each area (Beveridge, 1969). This report also became the basis for the scheme for free school meals and vaccination against diphtheria for the children who were studying the school. As the medical profession criticized the separation of NHS in 3 parts, local health authorities, general practice, and hospitals, the unification of these services were approved with Enoch Powell’s Hospital Plan. The aim of this report was to do  an investigation  in prevalent inequality in healthcare services in  the country  despite the founding of NHS and was commissioned by  then-secretary of  state, David  Ennuals. This plan brought about  the biggest  change in healthcare in  the country  with increased funding and reform to eliminate geographical inequalities, extension in patient choice and improvement in service  standards.   The concept of welfare state includes the key role of the state in promotion as well as protection of its citizens which includes health, social and economic being. The Poor laws implemented by Royal commission in 1832 anticipated the modern UK welfare state. They were ceased when it was found that they were abused by people. As  the labor party  became  very popular with the people, the Liberal party initiated Liberal  welfare  reforms and laid the foundation of the modern state.  Gradually, they were extended  to  all fields during next 40 years.

Responsibility of Ethics Essay Example for Free

Responsibility of Ethics Essay Ethical standing among community members and business persons is held in high regard.   The matter of trust needs to be had at all times so that people know that their information is safe.   When ethical issues arise, somewhere, somehow there has to be someone who is able and willing to stand up and report the unethical issue.   All professionals are bound by ethics and the responsibility to report wrong doing. In this case, the widow’s attorney is charging the widow 12-14% more than his average percentage with respects to his other clients.    Normal everyday ethics suggest that not only is he acting in bad ethics but obviously is taking advantage of this widow.   Charlie, even if not mandated by law or administrative rule, should inform the widow.   This would be the right and respectful thing to do but is Charlie mandated by any code of ethics to act on this information and inform her is the real question. Charlie, even though he is not the person creating the ethical situation, is bound by ethical codes to inform this widow at the very least but more appropriately the governing agency, of the actions of her attorney.  Ã‚   As stated in the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct for CPA’s â€Å"members should act with integrity, guided by the precept that when members fulfill their responsibility to the public, clients and employers interests are best served.† (ET Section 53 Article II—The Public Interest, ET Section 52 Article I—Responsibilities, ET Section 54 Article III—Integrity    ET Section 56 Article V—Due Care of the AICPA). The biggest ethical issue is honesty, integrity and the personal gain issues.   The attorney stands to gain a substantial amount of money, well more than what he should for his services.   The code of ethics for attorney’s alone is violated is drastic ways.   Some states have statutes on how an attorney charges their client and some rely of good ethical behavior but this aside, attorneys are to charge only what is fair and consistent with how they charge everyone else. This attorney is violating a huge public interest and the widow can file a complaint and the attorney stands to lose his liscense to practice law.   Charlie can also intervene and simply make a phone call to the governing agency as this particular information that he knows, is not bound by the confidentiality laws as this information was derived not by the widows words but by the admittance of the attorney in which there is no confidentiality as there is no client issue due to the fact that Charlie is not asking for advice and the lawyer is not giving it. Works Cited AICPA Code of Professional Conduct.   2006-2008.   http://www.aicpa.org/About/code/sec50.htm New Jersey Judiciary. Office of Attorney Ethics. 2001 http://www.judiciary.state.nj.us/oae/OAEEthicsPamphlet.pdf

The relevance of coaching and mentoring

The relevance of coaching and mentoring Coaching and mentoring both are considered to be very important activities in organisation working in the current business era, where there is high competition among different competitors in market with different types of quality products and services. All these organisations in modern management strongly believe in the development of the human resources in their as they consider humans as an asset and important resource for achievement of their organisational goals and objectives. So the make human able to carry out their job roles successfully and to make sure the achievement of the organisation objective by their hard work, skills and motivation, organisations arrange activities like coaching and mentoring to achieve their objectives through human resources in the organisation. Coaching and mentoring are popular capacity-building tools, especially in the area of leadership development. They are often mentioned in proposals and reviews as key elements of good capacity-building practice. Yet despite their current status, many of us are unclear what coaching and mentoring really involves, and where and when they work. [6] This assignment is about the understanding of the basic concepts of coaching and mentoring, the basic definitions of these two terms, what is the difference among the concepts and processes of coaching and mentoring, and what are the processes that organisation use to hire or develop a proper coach or mentor in their organisation. Objectives of Assignment This assignment is divided into two task, following are the objectives and requirements of each individual tasks. Task 1 The objectives / requirements of task one of assignment are Define the terms mentoring and coaching Demonstrate a critical and clear understanding of the differences between mentoring and coaching Critical reflection of skills required to be an effective coach and mentor Coaching and mentoring processes Leadership behaviors (particular attention must be paid to theories on motivation, learning and emotional intelligence) and styles that accommodate mentoring and coaching strategies Task 2 Following are the objectives / requirements of the task two of the assignment Critically evaluate how the current academic debate on coaching and mentoring will enable you as a Human Resources Manager to instill the importance and value of coaching and mentoring to organizations. Critically reflect on how your academic research on coaching and mentoring has contributed to the development of your subject knowledge on Human resources. Critically reflect on your achievement of any two of the module learning outcomes Definition of Mentoring Mentoring is an indefinite, relationship based activity with several specific but wide ranging goals. It does not have to be a formal process. The mentor is a facilitator who works with either an individual or a group of people over an extended time period. The agenda is open and continues to evolve over the longer term. Mentoring seeks to build wisdom the ability to apply skills, knowledge and experience to new situations and processes. [2] Mentoring relationships can deliver a number of critical benefits to nonprofit organizations and their employees. They can accelerate learning and expand the overall competency base of staff. They can help assure organizational agility, flexibility, and resourcefulness in difficult times, drawing on the guidance of seasoned professionals. They can improve the quality of work products and services through the use of feedback loops. They can strengthen networks and build collaborative ties between the organizations or work units where mentors and mentees are based. And they can help protect nonprofits from unforeseen liabilities, as mentors help mentees assess risks and manage challenges. Mentorship fosters employee loyalty and commitment, improving morale while enriching organizational culture making it more humane and accountable to community. [3] The activities of mentoring a very important when there are some persons in organization at senior positions, got good experience of working with organization, have good knowledge of organization products and services, good understanding of the organizational structures and procedures, and that person wants to voluntarily or through the set procedure of the mentoring for the organization with new and un experienced employees in very informal, and friendly way. Different organization irrespective of the structure, size and business of the organization are getting benefits from the process and procedures of mentoring. Definition of Coaching To survive and make the organization a prosper institute in the tough era of competition, it is needed from the organizations to perform at their best with high level of effectiveness and motivation towards the achievement of their organizational goals and objectives. This clearly indicate that certain skills like leadership skills, taking right decision on right time (decision making) relationships between different staff members, creation and innovation activities, time management, stress management, controlling issue of high importance, conducting and controlling meetings effectively are all those skills and activities which the organizations has to be at very best in order to capture a prominent position in the market. To carry out all the above activities in proper way the organization can grab the benefits of all these, the term coaching are use. As there is no one agreed on definition of coaching exit but different management writer have come up with their own definition, in all of them some terms remains the same like working for the betterment of skills and informations in organization through a very structured process. The term coaching includes activities related to developing the organizational capacity of whole organization (such as increasing leadership for instructional reform). It includes helping management and employees reallocate their resources and improve their use of data in the service of improving instruction and it includes activities directly related to improving instruction (such as one on one observation and feedback of employees instructional strategies and small group learning of new content and pedagogy). [1] The focus of coaching is on meeting very specific objectives within a set period of time. Coaching is mainly concerned with performance and the development of certain skills. It usually takes place on a one-to-one basis and has a very specific purpose. There is usually a planned program with a much shorter timeframe than in mentoring, so the learning goals are usually determined in advance. [2] Mentoring and coaching can be stand alone activities, but they can also be used to complement each other. Characteristics of coaching Following are the main characteristics of the coaching presented by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), and most of the coaching professionals agree with these characteristics and consider these characteristics as fundamentals for coaching activities in the organization. This is development through one to one discussion. Give people understanding on their weaknesses and strengths. The aim of coaching is to address a specific issue. It is considered as short term activity, but its impact is very long term. This is known as non directive development The purpose of coaching is the improvement of performance and enhancing skills of individuals and team members working in the organization. It addresses different issues with the internal environment of the organization, and external organization. The organizations conduct coaching activities for the achievement of both organizational and individual goals. This is time specific activity. It works on the premise that clients are self-aware, or can achieve self-awareness. It is a skilled activity Benefits of coaching and mentoring The coaching and mentoring helps organization in enhancing their human resources skills and make them able to carry out their job roles and responsibilities in way which is efficient, effective and which helps the management of the organization to achieve their business goals and organization objectives. The coaching and mentoring makes the management able to fold the employees activities and role in the way that they want, it helps individuals working in organization in the improvement of their personal and professional skills, and make the employees able to achieve their individual targets and those of organization. It provide the employees a safe space to delegate Enhance the skills which the individuals encompass Ability of learning new skills Provide an insight into yours skills as a coach and mentor and also to those of others. Get unbiased, confidential support Provide fresh prospective on the related issues to work, workplace and organization environment. Provide the opportunity to make biased things clear between the individuals in the organization. Difference between coaching and mentoring The differences between coaching and mentoring are often considered being very min, even most of the people think it coaching and mentoring as different names of same concepts, and it can be difficult to distinguish between coaching, mentoring and counseling. In practice, mentoring for example is sometimes used interchangeably with coaching. Traditionally, however, mentoring in the workplace has tended to describe a relationship in which a more experienced colleague used their greater knowledge and understanding of the work or workplace to support the development of a more junior or inexperienced member of staff. Similarly, it can be hard to draw a clear distinction between coaching and counseling, not least because many of the theoretical underpinnings of coaching are drawn from the worlds of counseling and therapy. For the purpose of managing coaching services the key distinction to be drawn is that coaching is for those who are psychologically well; a coach should be able to recognize where an individual is so distressed by personal or social issues that he or she needs to be referred to specialist counseling or other support. Coaching and mentoring processes According to Robert Dilts different organizations and individuals work on development activities in different forms, these activities are conducted by managers sometime while by some organizations uses the concept and approach of internal and external mentors and coaches. Robert Dilts define the following process for coaching and mentoring Guiding: This the process which leads individuals and groups within organization from their current state to the to a desired state in their personal and professional life, same is the case like a car journey, the person driving is on current location and decides the target location and plan a certain path to reach the target. Coaching: is the process of improving another persons awareness about the deficiencies in his / her field and area of work, sets a target for that individual to achieve and improve a certain behavioral performance. Teaching: is the simple process of helping individuals and groups by an expert person to develop the skills and learning knowledge about a particular thing, place or person. Mentoring: helping to shape an individuals beliefs and values in a positive way; often a longer term career relationship from someone who has done it before Counseling: is the process of helping an individual to improve performance by resolving situations from the past. Every event that occurs in coaching is tied to activities in someones head. (Some people may argue that coaching is more heart based. Whatever your perspective is on this, consider that emotions have correlates in the brain too.) This means that a brain-based approach should underpin and explain every good coaching model and provide the field with an underpinning science. A brain-based approach is going to be inclusive and bring the disparate field to greater cohesion. Second, a brain-based approach to coaching looks attractive when you think about the other contenders for a foundational discipline, the obvious one being psychology. From an organizational perspective, psychology suffers from a mixed history and a perception of being unscientific. While psychologists are the first people called on if someone is in crisis, most senior leaders would not consider them for improving performance because of the bias they assume psychologists have for therapeutic languages and models. A brain-based approach on the other hand is something tangible and physical. We live in a materialistic world where organizations respect things that can be measured. To bring about the wide- scale use of coaching as a learning or transformation tool, we need to speak to organizations in a language they understand. [4] The main reason it may be time to build a brain-based approach to coaching is simply how profoundly useful this approach is. It is interesting to be able to explain in scientific terms why the brain needs coaches, but it is even more useful to know how coaching helps the brain improve its functioning. This points us to ways we can better measure, manage and deliver coaching initiatives, whether one to one, training internal coaches, or in teaching coaching skills to thousands of leaders. [4] When to choose coaching and mentoring For the management of any organization it is very important to choose between the activities of coaching and mentoring, their always remain some space for the improvement in organization, but the selection of activities of coaching or mentoring largely depends on the nature of the improvement that the management wants in organization, or the weaknesses they feel and want to overcome on. The below table shows information regarding coaching and mentoring and will provide idea to the management of the organization on what to chose and when to chose. Mentoring may be best whenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Coaching may be best whenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The employee needs an expert or sponsor The employee will benefit from specific knowledge about the organizations culture, values, and norms, especially when the information is informal and difficult to obtain from traditional sources The employee is reasonably clear about their career and developmental goals The employee will be helped by receiving direction The employee is a senior or more experienced leader; or where developmental issues may require strict confidentiality There is a strong desire or need to practice, apply, or implement new skills and behaviors, and excellent complement to traditional training. The employee realizes there is a gap between where they are and where they want to be (skills, knowledge, career, achievement, etc), but isnt sure how to address it The employee will be helped by sustained, objective support Skills required for good coach and mentor Getting people to change is becoming increasingly important in our rapidly changing work environment. The dominant view of organizational leaders is that getting people to change just requires information and the right motivation: we need to know what has to be changed, and then use incentives to inspire people to behave differently. This is a reductionist perspective, which works well in any linear system: if a machine breaks down, we work out logically where the source of the problem is, and then simply replace the part. However, if the thing broken is someones communication style, finding this out and trying to replace the part is not realistic. In fact, the more information we have about a human problem, the deeper the problem may become. [5] The above discussion shows the complication of the process of coaching and mentoring, that both of these are not an easy task to do, and it often requires skills, abilities and experience in the relevant field for the person who is going to take the position as coach or mentor in the organization. The skills required by a coach or mentor also depends on the field in which he / she is going to provide the mentoring or coaching facility, following is brief description of the most popular skills required by a coach and mentor in order to fully satisfy the needs of his / her job role. Skills required for good coach As coaching is a very structures and organized activity in each and every organization, so the person who is to be called coach must be having enough skills and abilities to organize people, lead people, and plan well in order to improve the humans skills and abilities and also to overcome on their weaknesses. Following are core skills to be found in a good coach. Must be able to provide facilitate clarification of the goal Available to employees all the time to guide them from a start point to the finish Maintain a threshold to keep focus/track Provide sufficient knowledge and help to employees that they may overcome on hurdles in pursuit of the goal. Strong Interpersonal Skills Technical Competence Patience Trustworthiness A Non-judgmental Attitude Belief in Lifelong Learning Skill at Providing Instructional Support Good Listening Skills Skills required for a Mentor As mentoring is more focused on individual relations in organization, normally this relation exits between an experienced and new staff member, the experienced member of staff is normally called as mentor, so the requirements from mentor is that he / she must have enough experience to work for that organization, and have all the related data and information on the products, services, and structure of the organization. A successful mentor should have the following skills Able to corrects mistakes Acts as a personal cheering squad Guides in improving the future Provides counsel and wisdom Supports the journey from fantasy to reality Provokes thought and wider perspectives Leadership behaviors and styles The activities and processes of coaching and mentoring needs the role of leader in organization who initiate the process, set the targets for it, and then plan the procedures to achieve the targets by proper coaching and mentoring activities, and during these activities also evaluate the process and its success by setting milestones, and motivate their team members and employees towards the achievement of their career and organization business objectives. Coaching and mentoring are two personal development methods that nurture a persons own abilities in order to improve behavior and performance. The processes of coaching and mentoring are similar insofar as they are both a series of conversations (spoken or written) between two individuals. However, there are subtle but significant differences in aim, emphasis and style. Coaching tends to be viewed as more task-oriented, skills-focused, directed and time-bound, whereas mentoring is more focused on open-ended personal development. The reality is that there is considerable convergence and overlap between these approaches. To get the best out of mentoring and coaching, we need to start by exploring their origin, evolution and application to leadership development. [6] The achievement of organizational goals largely depends on the humans working for that organization organizes different activities and the results of those activities depends on how much they are dedicated towards those activities and how much the organization staff members are motivated. The word motivation is common in everyday language, but is not easy to define rigorously in a scientific context. The concept of motivation is related to, but distinct from other concepts, such as instincts, drives, and reflexes. Motivated behavior is usually goal oriented; the goal may be associated with a drive such as hunger or thirst (called primary motivation). However, motivation is also closely tied to sensory stimuli: an animal will not usually exhibit eating behavior unless food is presented. Unlike instinctive behavior, motivation depends on affect (emotional state). Finally, motivation can be learned (in which case it is called secondary motivation) and typically elicits more complex beha viors than simple reflexes. Motivation theories and coaching / mentoring There are so many motivation theories by different management writer; the focus of each and every motivational theory is on the fulfillments of the needs of individual working for that organization and through highly motivated humans the achievement of the organizational goals. In this part of the assignment I will focus only on one motivational theory (Hull theory) which is very closely related to the gaining motivation of employees through different activities of coaching and mentoring. Hulls Theory Hulls theory provides a framework within which motivated behavior can be analyzed. Hull (1943) proposed that the initiation of learned, or habitual, patterns of movement or behavior is called motivation. In addition, Hull proposed a distinction between primary motivation, the evocation of action in relation to primary needs, and secondary motivation, the evocation of action in relation to secondary reinforcing stimuli or incentives. Primary motivation is the cornerstone of Hulls drive reduction theory. According to Hull, events that threaten survival give rise to internal drive states, and behaviors that act to reduce drive are thus rewarding. For instance, lack of food causes an increase in the hunger drive, and the consumption of food is rewarding because it leads to a reduction in the hunger drive. In our daily experiences we are faced with a continuously fluctuating combination of multiple drives and incentives. Somehow we must be able to select the behavior that is most appropriate in a given situation, while suppressing other, less adequate behaviors. Thus, motivated behavior requires a form of competition. According to Hull, at any given time the behavior with the greatest potential to reduce a given drive is released. If the drive persists, that behavior is inhibited, and the second strongest response in the drive hierarchy will be released, and so on. The concept of the Hulls theory shows that organization can get the benefits of the employees skills and knowledge about the job role if that employee is highly motivated, and motivation can only be gained through proper process of coaching and mentoring activities. Assignment Task 2 The requirements from this task are to measure and critical evaluate the current academic debate, and also a critical reflection of the learning during this course and assignment. Evaluation of academic debate We have described motivation as the internal force that energizes behaviors, and that determines which particular behavior will be emitted in response to a given set of environmental stimuli and to the internal needs of an organism. Motivation is a complex topic of research that has been studied from many different approaches. During this coursework I come across the different areas of management which focuses on the development of human resources in the organizations in order to achieve the organization goals and objectives, coaching and mentoring are the two most important activities in this regard which are most widely used and practiced in different organizations. The theories of different management writers have declare the motivation as the key factor in getting human involve in the activities of the organization which will not only results in the betterment of the individual skills and learning but also make the organization goals achievements realistic one. The academic debate during this course was very enough to meet the requirements in proper way and make the students able to understand the core of the issues which influences organization business and why they need to have an individual or group of individuals as coach and mentor in the organization and they use different motivation concepts in order to motivate the organization staff to get the desired results of the process. The nature of coaching and mentoring activities also depend largely on the size and structure of the organization, the nature of their business, the products and services they produce and how much they are focused on the personal and professional skills development of the humans working for them. These activities help in micro skills development, and the micro-skills of coaching include helping the manager develop the skills and attitudes to help and individual manage situations from within their own resources (Egan, 2004). During this stage of the training, the individual is introduced to the concepts of Empathy, Respect and Genuineness. Reflection on academic learning During this module I come across different concepts of human resource development in the organization, how to motivate individuals working for organization, how the management of the organization implement different management theories in order to get the desired results of the activities like coaching and mentoring, the process of human resource development and motivation, that how an individual working for or on the behalf of the organization can be motivated to put their hundred percent in performing their job role and focusing toward their personal and professional skills development, and through the proper use of their skills and knowledge the achievement of their organizational goals and objectives, while the employees must understand the importance of the coaching and mentoring activities which the management of the organization conduct for them and actively participate in those activities for their own personal and professional skills development, and learn the knowledge and information which will make them able to perform their job role very efficient and effectively. Conclusion and Recommendations To achieve the business goals and organizational objectives organizations use the different approaches which are discussed in very detail in this assignment. In this part the conclusion is given of the overall debate some recommendations for organization management who wish to improve the standard of coaching and mentoring in their organizations. Coaching had its origins in the world of sports, with coaches helping competitors to achieve success through structured and focused instruction and tutoring. In the 1980s, executives of major companies realized the potential a coaching-style intervention could have in helping them to work more effectively. Such approaches also permeated the development world. In the 1990s the Community Development Resource Association (CDRA) in South Africa was using such an approach as part of its development practitioner formation programs. Mentoring has been practiced in different cultures for hundreds of years. But it is only recently that mentoring has been (re)discovered by the private sector, and now by the civil society sector, as a mechanism for leadership development. The origin of mentoring can be traced back to Greek mythology. When Odysseus left home to fight in the Trojan War, he placed an old, trusted family friend, Mentor, in charge of his household, thereby delegating responsibility for protecting and educating his son Telemachus. A mentor therefore conjures up images of a wise and trusted advisor or counselor. Some African scholars make the point that such roles were commonplace in Africa long before ancient Greek civilization. The extensive literature on coaching and mentoring reveals no single definition of either term, but rather a collection of definitions that help form a picture of what the processes involve. Much of the literature explores different models that can be used and adapted by coaches and mentors, depending on their personal style and their situation. According to many definitions, while coaching and mentoring share the same principles, coaching is primarily focused on performance within the current job and emphasizes development tools, while mentoring focuses on longer-term goals and developing capability. The word motivation is common in everyday language, but is not easy to define rigorously in a scientific context. The concept of motivation is related to, but distinct from other concepts, such as instincts, drives, and reflexes. Motivated behavior is usually goal oriented; the goal may be associated with a drive such as hunger or thirst (called primary motivation). Those organizations who wish to improve the standard of their human resources through structured process of coaching and mentoring, I will suggest the following in light of what I studied during this course and preparation of the assignment. Try to make the human resource management department well structured and influential on the decision making regarding human development in the organization. Hire only those individuals as coach or mentor in the organization who have past track record of working in such organization environment. Satisfy the needs of the human resources in order to make them highly motivated. Motivated employees can only focus towards their personal and professional skills development and can contribute to the goals and objective achievement of the organization. The organization needs to invest in their human resource, and this investment will lead them to become the market leader in their product and services. The management should always identify the weak areas and the need for coaching or mentoring, and the employees should fully cooperate with the management to achieve the best of results from the process.